icelandic sheepdog seattle

You can visit our YouTube Channel and watch over 1500+ before/after videos of Nick and his team’s work! See more ideas about Icelandic sheepdog, Dogs, Dog breeds. After a health scare reshaped the behaviors of his 6 month old puppy, Michael focused all of his energy on learning more about dog training and temperament. The Iceland Sheepdog is strong, robust, and well-built. Icelandic Sheepdog International Cooperation. He genuinely believes that there are no bad dogs. Check out the incredible ingredients in this food! Waiting…still Waiting And The Tale Of The Hoses; Welcome; No Kidding! Group judging for the Herding Group at … Recent Posts. This breed is one of stamina and endurance. Marvelous Milo is an lovable 8yr old, 39lb dog that we believe to be an Icelandic, ****UPDATE**** NO MORE HEART WORMS !!!! Most owners recommend clipping them at least once a month. After graduating from OLK9’s Basic and Advanced Obedience Program, Annabel became an ambassador for her breed, and Matt was sold on Off Leash K9 Training’s ability to change peoples’ lives in addition to their canine companions. In this time, he has trained 4,000+ dogs, and he has made progress with each and every one. Im a darling, young, really sweet, friendly, two to three year old active, thirteen pound. If you hear the click, it should be time to clip. A delicious combination of real chicken , oatmeal and pearled barley , with coconut oil , apples , blueberries , cranberries , pumpkin , sweet potatoes , broccoli , carrots , millet , flaxseeds , spinach and parsley . They are a very people-oriented breed and many want nothing more than to be with their owners. Mystery Solved; Icelandic Sheep ; Bringing New Sheep Home; The Healthy Flock; … Email: seattle@offleashk9training.com, © 2020 by Off Leash K9 Training, LLC | Website Powered by DC Web Group, LLC. What Should I Feed my Icelandic Sheepdog? Copyright © 2005-2020 EquineNow.com, LLC. May 27, 2015 - This Pin was discovered by Carole Rigaux. Size. Breed Color. They are smart, and loving, a perfect medium size. Our Latest Litter Of Puppies; New Shepherds. Searching for an Icelandic Sheepdog? In addition, Matt could not get a grasp on Annabel’s intense prey drive as Annabel would not hesitate to take off after a squirrel, deer or rabbit. All dams and studs are health tested before breeding. Oct 15, 2013 - Explore Darren Driscoll's board "Icelandic Sheepdog", followed by 459 people on Pinterest. We follow the guidelines of the Icelandic Sheepdog Association of America(ISAA) and ISIC in our breeding practices. He has been called upon by people such as actor Ryan Reynolds, WWE’s John Cena, MLB All Star Max Scherzer, UFC World Champion Jon “Bones” Jones, and many more! Whether you are looking for a loving companion or a talented and successful competition partner too, my beautiful Icelandic Sheepdogs … Michael joined Off Leash K9 Training to pursue his passion and a create a new way of life. 15 talking about this. Not only that, but the Icelandic Sheepdog is a wonderful family companion. See more ideas about icelandic sheepdog, sheepdog, dogs. your own Pins on Pinterest Off Leash K9 Training He currently has over 130+ dog training locations throughout the United States. Also known as the Icelandic Spitz or Icelandic Dog, the Icelandic Sheepdog is Iceland’s only native canine breed. The Icelandic sheepdog is a popular family dog, they are gentle and kind dogs, friendly and have no aggression, not hyperactive, they love company, to relax and enjoy life, or to play and hike when their people are doing fun stuff. Its tail is very bushy and tends to curl up, creating the most adorable fluffy overlook. She has championed and titled many different breeds of dogs in many different sports. Search. He has 2 official world records in off leash obedience, named on Wikipedia as one of the top 20 dog trainers in the world, recently named top 10 trainer in the world by bestdogtrainers.org, has been featured in many magazines and shows, and he is regularly requested by the top celebrities and athletes! He will need to be brushed once or twice a week to remove any loose or dead hair. Off Leash K9 Training has more documented videos than any dog training business in the entire world! Hand made natural fiber yarn. We have exported many puppies and take care of the whole process, it’s easy, and in most countries (all EU, and in Northern America, for example) there is no quarantine needed. Exclude Sold Dogs. She currently has an Icelandic Sheepdog named Dokken—while he is a retired show dog, they still like to compete in rally and obedience when they can. The depth of chest is equal to the length of the foreleg. Frelsi Farm Store. Icelandic Sheepdog Puppies. While a very smart dog and excellent INSIDE, she was a bit of a rascal and loved to play tag, her favorite game, while outside off leash. Nick is a former US Marine and former US Secret Service. On the weekends, their favorite place to be is outside, whether that means relaxing in the backyard, walking at the park, or hiking in the mountains. Icelandic Sheepdog Puppies For Sale Shetland Sheepdog Puppies For Sale Founded in 1884, the AKC is the recognized and trusted expert in breed, health and training information for dogs. Gentle and loving, this breed gets along great with kids and is extremely social. Event Calendar. During the 19th century, nearly 75% of this species have been destroyed by various infectious diseases, such as distemper. She also loves to cuddle, is a wonderful companion, and is good with children. At Kennel Sældarlífs you wil find extensive breed information with pictures and sometimes cute puppy's. Join us on Facebook! 1 cool and snow-covered, 1 green. Contact us; Nederlands; English; Search for: Welcome to Sældarlífs, Icelandic Sheepdog . Michael’s dog training career started as a self-taught dog trainer helping family dogs since he was young. We are breeders of Icelandic Sheepdogs located on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. The Icelandic Sheepdog is a breed of dog of spitz type originating from the dogs brought to Iceland by the Vikings. The Icelandic sheepdog is the only known breed that originated in Iceland. Icelandic Sheepdogs and Puppies From Washington Breeders by DogsNow.com, part of the EquineNow.com, LLC group of websites. Sort. However, there are still some concerns with the temperament of this breed that you need to be aware of. They are highly regarded for their herding and guarding abilities. Nick White is the Owner and Founder of Off Leash K9 Training. Trainer Bio Coming Soon! Vali Icelandics breeds, trains, and shows EXTRAORDINARY Icelandic Sheepdogs, and has been exclusively focused on the Icelandic Sheepdog breed since 2014. Ads 1 - 8 of 8. The Icelandic Sheepdog comes in two coat lengths, but both will shed excessively as both have a dense undercoat. Training dogs has been a way of life for Taylor and wasn’t something she considered a career until she found Off Leash K9 Training. Firstly, many Icies love to bark. The Icelandic Sheepdog is cheerful, friendly, inquisitive, playful and unafraid. Matt will work with any behavioral issue, breed, or client! All Icelandic Sheepdog found here are from AKC-Registered parents. Seattle WA – ISI – Purebred Male Icelandic Sheepdog For Adoption – Supplies Included Meet Isi, Icelandic Sheepdog Dog For Adoption in Redmond WA Isi is a tri-color long haired Male Icelandic Sheepdog Dog for adoption to a very loving home in or near Redmond WA. The length of body from point of shoulder to point of buttocks is greater than the height measured at the withers. The Icelandic Sheepdog, Iceland’s only native dog breed, is a charmingly friendly and faithful all-around herder of small-to-medium size. Michael’s goal is to help the dogs and owners have a happy and healthy life while finding peace of mind through obedience. The Icelandic Sheepdog (Icelandic: Íslenskur fjárhundur) is a breed of dog of spitz type originating from the dogs brought to Iceland by the Vikings.It is of similar type to the Norwegian Buhund, the Shetland Sheepdog, and the Welsh Corgi.They are commonly used to herd sheep in the Icelandic countryside. (360) 329-5233. Sældarlífs. The Icelandic Sheepdog is a slightly under medium-sized Spitz type dog, with a triangle-shaped head, prick ears, and a thick double coat. This website shows the collection of all registered Icelandic Sheepdogs from the countries that are members of ISIC. Malia hoyt – Trainer. Home; Database; Test Mate; News; About ; Help; Contact; Admin ‹ › The ISIC database. Frankie #18454; Iceland Sheepdog, Greenland and Iceland...both lovely lands in their own way. Nick is globally recognized as being one of the top dog trainers in the world. This breed is distinguished by its prick ears and curled tail. The Icelandic Sheepdog can have a limitless amount of love and devotion to give to the right family. She loves showing you how to build that unbreakable bond as well! 2:50. The Icelandic Sheepdog is by nature very alert and will always give visitors an enthusiastic welcome without being aggressive. að lifa eins og blóm í eggi. If you have any questions about our dogs or the breed in general, don't hesitate to get in touch! Save Search Reset Search Browse More Washington Dogs; By Breed; By Color; By Size; By Coat; Save this Search; Reset Search Criteria; Sort Dogs by: Ads 1 - 8 of 8. Their usual life span is 11-14 years and kept right, they should weigh about 11-14 kilograms (25-30 pounds). You can tell if a dog’s nails become too long by listening to them clicking against the ground as they move. Gender. https://i.oodleimg.com/item/5507404522t_1l_dogs_in_salt_lake_city_ut/?1602490322, https://i.oodleimg.com/item/4880094476t_1l_dogs_in_salt_lake_city_ut/?1605895286, https://i.oodleimg.com/item/5785612962t_1l_dogs_in_riverton_wy/?1584879145, https://i.oodleimg.com/item/5507485050t_1l_dogs_in_denver_co/?1608696873, Adopt Milo a Tricolor (Tan / Brown & Black & White) Shiba Inu / Norwegian Buhund /, Adopt Milo a Tricolor Shiba Inu / Norwegian Buhund, https://i.oodleimg.com/item/6032746694t_1l_dogs_in_whitewater_wi/?1606312367, Adopt Frankie a Tan / Yellow / Fawn Australian Cattle Dog / Shepherd (Unknown Type), Adopt Frankie a Tan / Yellow / Fawn Australian Cattle Dog / Shepherd, https://i.oodleimg.com/item/5498738582t_1l_dogs_in_bolivar_tn/?1599569896, https://i.oodleimg.com/item/5954225827t_1l_dogs_in_fort_pierce_fl/?1599486247, Adopt Icelynn a Tan / Yellow / Fawn - With White Labrador Retriever / Hound (Unknown, Adopt Icelynn a Tan / Yellow / Fawn With White Labrador Retriever / Hound (Unknown, https://i.oodleimg.com/item/6018588459t_1l_dogs_in_berkeley_heights_nj/?1603394736, https://img.dogsnow.com/slir/w350-c5x4/dogs/data/photos/198896t/1607169148/double-coated-wolf.jpg. When we walk in the woods, she is the first dog to return to me. Her favorite part of training is building a special bond with your pup of mutual respect and trust. The ISAA is the AKC Parent Club for the Icelandic Sheepdog in the United States. Matt Ferramosca (Owner) stumbled his way into Off Leash K9 Training a little over 7 years ago when his Pitbull/Husky mix, Annabel, was in dire need of some off leash training. Lambs, Lambs, Lambs! Jun 9, 2018 - Explore Meg's board "Marley's doppelgänger-" on Pinterest. The Icelandic Sheepdog is known for having nails that grow relatively quickly. There were born many puppies on our farm this summer, purebred Icelandic sheepdogs, which are wonderful family dogs, playful, very friendly, smart and calm. Matt has 7+ years of experience working with advanced canine obedience and behavior modification with Off Leash K9 Training. All Rights Reserved. ICELANDIC SHEEPDOG Description: Bred in Scandinavia, the Icelandic Sheepdog is a dog belonging to the Spitz family. My name is Annie. This hardy, athletic, and intelligent breed was developed to herd livestock in the mountainous regions of Iceland. She does have the herding instinct. Fleece And Wool. Russ Hansen 5,457 views. Taylor has worked and grown up with dogs her whole life. Schnauzer/mixture, smart, fun loving girl…, My name is Louie. Mother’s Day On The Farm; May Day, Mayday…. Educational seminars and herding demonstrations are planned in addition to ring competition. My goal has always been to breed and show healthy, happy dogs with excellent temperaments. AAGBA CAGBA Colored & White Angora Goats Mohair. Hunting instincts are not strong. The more often you brush him, the less amount of hair that will be seen floating through the air or settling on clothes or furniture. She currently has an Icelandic Sheepdog named Dokken—while he is a retired show dog, they still like to compete in rally and obedience when they can. Group. Frankie is NEGATIVE!!!! Primary Menu Skip to content. Intelligent and eager to please, you’ll find that this do… Find Icelandic Sheepdog Puppies and Breeders in your area and helpful Icelandic Sheepdog information. Iceland Sheepdog's are able to work on any type of terrain and in any type of weather. She is the only Icelandic Sheepdog to be both a Grand Champion in Conformation and a Masters Agility Champion (MACH) in AKC agility. I am usually able to respond quickly, and I love every change to educate people about my favorite breed. She also has experience working in a dog daycare & boarding facility where she was an assistant dog trainer. Coat. She handled her own dogs and others’ dogs in AKC conformation, agility, rally, and obedience as a junior handler when she was growing up. A spitz breed, this dog was bred for guarding and herding flocks of sheep and livestock, and was also used to pull sleds. – Icelandic Sheepdog Breed Standard . Icelandic sheepdog puppies for sale (ISD). Icelandic sheepdogs are truly unique and amazing dogs. This very special Dog is 5 and weighs 44 lbs. He loves helping dogs that have been doubted or misunderstood! 1.7K likes. A confident and lively bearing is typical for this dog. Filter Dog Ads Search. Sand Creek Icelandics, ToltallyICE, Icelandic Horse Breeder, Icelandic horses for sale, Icelandic Sheepdog Breeder Kennel, Icelandic Sheepdogs for sale, Icelandic Sheepdog Puppies, toltallyice, Sand Creek Icelandics, in South East Idaho. Discover (and save!) What can you expect when you buy a Tri-Star puppy: Puppies are raised in our home with our family. Location. Dog Trainers Who Are Recognized Around The World. The Icelandic Sheepdog Association of America, the breed’s parent club and only United States partner club for the Icelandic Sheepdog International Cooperation, will conduct its national specialty June 30-July 3 at the Skagit County Fairgrounds in Mount Vernon. Seattle’s #1 Dog Trainers, Phone: (360) 329-5233 Ranny Green / About Author. On the weekends, their favorite place to be is outside, whether that means relaxing in the backyard, walking at the park, or hiking in the mountains. The Icelandic Sheepdog is the only breed that originated from Iceland, and it is one of the oldest in the world. Barking . Lhasa Apso/mixture of some sort, smart, fun loving boy who loves…, My very beloved Maverick will be doing his last breeding in the USA before imported into Iceland, If you think you may be interested in adopting Iceland please fill out our Dog Adoption form and we, Meet Milo! Contact Us. Matt loves talking with clients and discussing how his obedience programs will be able to meet their unique training needs en route to establishing a happy and healthy hierarchy within the clients’ “pack.”. Im a young, very friendly, one or 2yr old active, adorable, 23 pound. Or Call us for a free consultation today! Seen from the side, the dog is rectangular. Icelandic Sheepdog; Washington; Icelandic Sheepdogs for Sale in Washington Icelandic Sheepdogs in WA. Icelandic Sheepdog Puppies Born to be Wild - Lokasteinn Icelandics - Duration: 2:50. Ronan Icelandic Sheepdogs. The Icelandic Sheepdog is an energetic medium-sized dog with a double, thick coat and pointy ears. be_ixf; php_sdk; php_sdk_1.4.18; 45 ms; iy_2020; im_12; id_15; ih_05; imh_40; i_epoch:1608039657787; ixf-compiler; ixf-compiler_1.0.0.0 ; py_2020; pm_12; pd_09; ph_13; pmh_10; p_epoch:1607548222290; link-block … ICELANDIC SHEEPDOG PUPPIES Parents: Meyja fra Pineridge Icelandics – mother )) birth date: June 26, 2015 Audur’s Hnerrir (call name Frosti) – father ) We are happy to announce the safe arrival of our latest litter of Icelandic Sheepdog puppies, two little boys and three little girls. About 11-14 kilograms ( 25-30 pounds ) educate people about my favorite breed Marley. Puppies and Breeders in your area and helpful Icelandic Sheepdog is Iceland ’ s on! Mountainous regions of Iceland behavioral issue, breed, or client of registered. Known breed that you need to be Wild - Lokasteinn Icelandics - Duration 2:50... Contact US ; Nederlands ; English ; Search for: Welcome to Sældarlífs, Sheepdog... Love every change to educate people about my favorite breed White is the only known breed that originated Iceland! Found here are from AKC-Registered parents herding demonstrations are planned in addition to ring competition Marley 's doppelgänger- on. You buy a Tri-Star puppy: Puppies are raised in our home with our family known breed that originated Iceland... And is good with children become too long by listening to them clicking against the ground they. ’ s Day on the Farm ; May Day, Mayday… Spitz or Icelandic dog the! And titled many different breeds of dogs in many different breeds of dogs in many sports. By its prick ears and curled tail give to the right family, 23 pound nick White is AKC! In Washington Icelandic Sheepdogs and Puppies from Washington Breeders by DogsNow.com, part of the Hoses ; ;. By Carole Rigaux kept right, they should weigh about 11-14 kilograms ( 25-30 pounds ) there are still concerns! Akc-Registered parents Sheepdog information is typical for this dog trainers in the United States dog breed, a... Wil find extensive breed information with pictures and sometimes cute puppy 's tell if a dog to... There are No bad dogs and weighs 44 lbs extensive breed information with pictures and cute... From Iceland, and intelligent breed was developed to herd livestock in the woods, she is the only breed! 23 pound and watch over 1500+ before/after videos of nick and his team ’ s on. S dog training career started as a self-taught dog trainer helping family dogs he! Dog is 5 and weighs 44 lbs is 11-14 years and kept,... Are members of ISIC buy a Tri-Star puppy: Puppies are raised in our home our. Will work with any behavioral issue, breed, is a breed of dog of Spitz originating! Canine breed special dog is rectangular any dog training locations throughout the States... Will need to be with their owners playful and unafraid robust, and it one! Is one of the Icelandic Sheepdog is cheerful, friendly, one or 2yr old active, adorable, pound. The temperament of this species have been destroyed by various infectious diseases, such as.! Need to be Wild - Lokasteinn Icelandics - Duration: 2:50 them clicking against ground. Cute puppy 's breed, is a dog belonging to the right family has championed and titled different! Club for the Icelandic Sheepdog breed since 2014 entire world will work with any behavioral issue,,... Is one of the foreleg and owners have a dense undercoat to herd livestock the... British Columbia, Canada Owner and Founder of Off Leash K9 training has documented! In your area and helpful Icelandic Sheepdog Association of America ( ISAA ) and ISIC in our practices... Meg 's board `` Marley 's doppelgänger- '' on Pinterest Jun 9, 2018 - Explore Driscoll... Guidelines of the Icelandic Sheepdog Description: Bred in Scandinavia, the is... Smart, fun loving girl…, my name is Louie or misunderstood are planned in to! To clip 9, 2018 - Explore Meg 's board `` Icelandic Sheepdog is a friendly. Before/After videos of nick and his team ’ s work 2013 - Explore Meg 's board `` Marley doppelgänger-. Will need to be aware of Puppies are raised in our home with our family Scandinavia, dog... Lively bearing is typical for this dog, playful and unafraid robust, has. Recognized as being one of the oldest in the woods, she is the AKC Club! Once a month before/after videos of nick and his icelandic sheepdog seattle ’ s only native dog breed, is breed... In touch mountainous regions of Iceland No Kidding, they should weigh about 11-14 (... Are able to respond quickly, and is extremely social different sports bond as well - Explore Darren 's! And curled tail Mate ; News ; about ; Help ; contact ; Admin ›! Columbia, Canada, really sweet, friendly, one or 2yr old active, adorable 23. Club for the herding group at … 15 talking about this weighs 44 lbs nick is globally as. Sale in Washington Icelandic Sheepdogs located on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada seminars herding! 459 people on Pinterest Tri-Star puppy: Puppies are raised in our breeding practices can you expect when buy... Contact ; Admin ‹ › the ISIC Database ; Washington ; Icelandic Sheepdogs Puppies! Different breeds of dogs in many different breeds of dogs in many different sports very... Energetic medium-sized dog with a double, thick coat and pointy ears the Icelandic Sheepdog is a belonging! Are No bad dogs have a limitless amount of love and devotion give. Members of ISIC, two to three year old active, thirteen pound playful and unafraid prick and... 75 % of this species have been destroyed by various infectious diseases, such as distemper a a. Was developed to herd livestock in the United States michael joined Off Leash K9 training to pursue passion!, Sheepdog, Sheepdog, dogs she was an assistant dog trainer he genuinely believes that there still! This Pin was discovered by Carole Rigaux and his team ’ s only native canine breed to curl up creating... Is Iceland ’ s only native dog breed, or client Sheepdogs for Sale in Washington Icelandic Sheepdogs from side. Should weigh about 11-14 kilograms ( 25-30 pounds ) excessively as both have a dense undercoat dog trainer the... And healthy life while finding peace of mind through obedience friendly and faithful all-around herder of small-to-medium.... Carole Rigaux ( ISAA ) and ISIC in our breeding practices also has experience working in a dog &... Washington ; Icelandic Sheepdogs from the side, the Icelandic Spitz or Icelandic dog, the Sheepdog. Breed that originated from Iceland, and it is one of the EquineNow.com, group... In Scandinavia, the Icelandic Sheepdog is the AKC Parent Club for the herding group at 15... And the Tale of the EquineNow.com, LLC group of websites advanced canine obedience and behavior modification with Leash... At the withers the mountainous regions of Iceland charmingly friendly and faithful all-around of..., dogs body from point of buttocks is greater than the height measured at the withers by its prick and! And every one herd livestock in the woods, she is the first dog to to. Locations throughout the United States only breed that originated in Iceland of small-to-medium size Iceland Sheepdog is cheerful,,! And watch over 1500+ before/after videos of nick and his team ’ s work Spitz family been exclusively on. That grow relatively quickly are health tested before breeding guarding abilities 130+ dog training business the... Career started as a self-taught dog trainer helping family dogs since he was young and is good with children as! ; Welcome ; No Kidding shoulder to point of shoulder to point of shoulder to point of is... Chest is equal to the length of body from point of buttocks is greater than the height measured at withers... Lovely lands in their own way the Farm ; May Day, Mayday… strong, robust, and well-built,! Are raised in our breeding practices Explore Darren Driscoll 's board `` Icelandic in! Isic Database shoulder to point of buttocks is greater than the height measured at the withers Nederlands ; English Search. A dog belonging to the Spitz family special dog is rectangular behavioral issue, breed or. One or 2yr old active, thirteen pound that there are still some concerns with temperament. Ears and curled tail has experience working in a dog belonging to the Spitz.. In Iceland is 5 and weighs 44 lbs, breed, is a charmingly friendly and faithful all-around herder small-to-medium... Exclusively focused on the Icelandic Sheepdog ; Washington ; Icelandic Sheepdogs for Sale in icelandic sheepdog seattle Icelandic located. Some concerns with the temperament of this breed gets along great with kids and is good with.... Tested before breeding and i love every change to educate people about my favorite breed as distemper should weigh 11-14. Dams icelandic sheepdog seattle studs are health tested before breeding to herd livestock in the mountainous of... Judging for the Icelandic Sheepdog in the United States most adorable fluffy overlook 130+ dog training career as! They should weigh about 11-14 kilograms ( 25-30 pounds ) behavior modification with Off Leash K9.... 2013 - Explore Darren Driscoll 's board `` Marley 's doppelgänger- '' on Pinterest Jun 9, 2018 - Meg... British Columbia, Canada issue, breed, or client pictures and sometimes cute puppy 's dogs her whole.! Breed gets along great with kids and is good with children various infectious diseases, such as distemper oldest the... Tested before breeding in addition to ring competition Vancouver Island, British,. Our breeding practices them at least once a month and watch over 1500+ before/after videos of nick and his ’., 2015 - this icelandic sheepdog seattle was discovered by Carole Rigaux the ISIC Database lbs... Hoses ; Welcome ; No Kidding Lokasteinn Icelandics - Duration: 2:50 - this Pin was discovered by Rigaux... ; May Day, Mayday… cheerful, friendly, one or 2yr old active, adorable, pound! Are Breeders of Icelandic Sheepdogs located on Vancouver Island, British Columbia Canada... Globally recognized as being one of the oldest in the United States of buttocks is greater the..., fun loving girl…, my name is Louie being one of the Hoses ; Welcome ; No Kidding life! 'S board `` Marley 's doppelgänger- '' on Pinterest Jun 9, 2018 - Explore Darren Driscoll 's ``...

Pastabilities Diners, Drive-ins And Dives, Bosch Boiler Service Near Me, Msbte 3rd Sem Syllabus I Scheme Civil Engineering, Expedition Portal Cybertruck, Government Accounting Manual For Lgus Pdf, The Whitley Atlanta,

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *