Metaphors are powerful language tools, which are able to influence how individuals think and problem solve. Language denotes (designates meanings) and connotes (implies or suggests something), and relies heavily on the use of metaphors. Perception tends to provide individuals a significant filtering system. It seems to involve traumatic change since one is expected to continually abandon old assumptions. Theory is the first main component in critical thinking. [Critical thinking is sel-directed, self-discipline, self-monitored, and self-correcting thinking] (Richard Paul, Linda Elder, 2006). Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. 5 thoughts on “The four components of critical thinking” The Blog Father says: June 1, 2015 at 6:22 pm. It is more of a negative process, since it tends to tear down ideas and inserts nothing in their place. 3. For Additional Information the Author Recommends the Following Books: Conflict Resolution: Pinpoint Management Skill Development Series, Intelligent Decision Making: Pinpoint Management Skill Development Training Series, Planning to Maximize Performance: Pinpoint Leadership Skill Development Training Series, Timothy F. Bednarz, Ph.D. | Author | Publisher | Majorium Business Press [Critical thinking is sel-directed, self-discipline, self-monitored, and self-correcting thinking] (Richard Paul, Linda Elder, 2006). In actuality, it is a positive process that is able to put things in a more realistic perspective. Critical thinkers break arguments into basic statements and draw logical implications. It presupposes assent to rigorous standards of excellence and mindful command of their use. Critical thinking refers to the process of actively analyzing, assessing, synthesizing, evaluating and reflecting on information gathered from observation, experience, or communication. Analyzing: Separating or breaking a whole into parts to discover their nature, functional and relationships. ; Challenge the importance of context - Everything we do and the things we know are set in a particular context, be it cultural or professional. Critical thinking is a cognitive process that requires disruptive patterns of thinking, ones that question the status quo of propositions and leads to the creation of alternative lines of reasoning. Post was not sent - check your email addresses! ( Log Out /  Four roadblocks often create negative feelings about getting more involved in the critical thinking process: Every process or method is made of essential components, and critical thinking is no different. Emotions are the number one cause of creating and putting into place thinking and operating barriers, which are continually used as a defense mechanism. From gathering research, to weighing up evidence to formulating a judgement, Rationale will assist you. http://blog.majoriumbusinesspress.com/2013/11/26/seven-components-of-critical-thinking-2/. Perception is considered to be the manner in which individuals receive, interpret and translate experiences. Critical Thinking. The major components in critical thinking include: perception, assumptions, emotion, language, argument, fallacy, logic, and problem solving. The Paul-Eder Critical Thinking Framework was introduced in 2001 in order to improve the critical thinking process through understanding the parts of the reasons and provide a method to evaluate it. Most of the students we now teach grew up entirely under the No Child Left Behind Act. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. In actuality, some beliefs stay the same individuals simply become more informed. Reply. Soccer fields vary in magnitude and sign and assess its significance check the solution lies in thinking of components critical an inertial frame of reference, s, the particle at time t. S, ms, and. ( Log Out /  Applying the strategy and solving the problem. The major components in critical thinking include: perception, assumptions, emotion, language, argument, fallacy, logic, and problem solving. Do Your Communications Have Room For Improvement? Components of critical thinking. How individuals perceive things works to define how they think. Please purchase the course before starting the lesson. The time for adopting critical thinking varies based on the problem; it may take few minutes to number of days. There are many misconceptions about critical thinking that tend to hinder individuals from continually working to develop it. Critical thinking requires intuition. Critical thinking is able to translate the thinking process into clear, persuasive, truthful language, which is carefully and logically crafted. Clarification of arguments: Critical thinkers locate ambiguity and vagueness in arguments and propositions. People will talk back. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. The subject is complex, and several different definitions exist, which generally include the rational, skeptical, unbiased analysis, or evaluation of factual evidence.Critical thinking is self-directed, self-disciplined, self-monitored, and self-corrective thinking. To distinguish, label and brieflycharacterize these components is a useful preliminary to identifyingabilities, skills, dispositions, attitudes, habits and the like thatcontribute causally to thinking critically. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. Critical thinking skills are Critical Thinking Components because they help businesses run smoothly and thrive by solving problems, developing solutions and creating new ideas. ( Log Out /  It is detached, unemotional and cold. Critical Thinking : The Three Major Components Of A Critical Thinker 912 Words | 4 Pages. For example, is it acceptable for a nurse to come into work without a uniform? Brookfield (1987) identifies four main components of critical thinking: Identify and challenge assumptions - This simply means not taking everything at face value. Critical thinking can be seen as having two components: 1) a set of information and belief generating and processing skills, and 2) the habit, based on intellectual commitment, of using those skills to guide behavior. How individuals perceive things works to define how they think. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Seven Components of Critical Thinking | Managin... […] http://blog.majoriumbusinesspress.com/2013/11/26/seven-components-of-critical-thinking-2/ […], Seven Components of Critical Thinking | Leaders to Leader | Learning Curve. Critical Thinking : The Three Major Components Of A Critical Thinker 912 Words | 4 Pages. Elements of Critical Thinking Definition of Critical Thinking Elements of Critical Thinking. The critical thinking method can be adopted to replace emotions and perusal biases when trying to think about a situation or a problem. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. What follows is a subdivision of each of these four components. When developing critical thinking skills, it is important to understand more about the activity and process that comprises it. Create a free website or blog at WordPress.com. Critical thinking refers to the process of actively analyzing, assessing, synthesizing, evaluating and reflecting on information gathered from observation, experience, or communication. Unfortunately many assume the process is too difficult and remain unenlightened as to how the process can help them not only in their work environments, but in their own personal lives as well. Repeating the process if it is necessary. Critical thinking encompasses so much that this list is not comprehensive, but it does cover many of the basic elements, along with some specific techniques and recommendations for what you can do to improve different types of critical thinking. Logic incorporates two methods or types of reasoning: deductive and inductive. Linkedin | Facebook | Twitter | Web| Blog | Catalog |800.654.4935 | 715.342.1018, Copyright © 2013 Timothy F. Bednarz, All Rights Reserved, Posted in Creative Thinking, Critical Thinking, Decision Making, investigative Thinking, Paradigm Thinking, Problem Solving, Questioning, Tagged with argument, assumptions, beliefs, concepts, critical thinking, emotion, fallacy, hypotheses, ideas, inferences, language, logic, logical arguments, perceptions, premises, questions, reactions, suppositions, […] Critical thinking is a powerful process if understood and applied effectively. They tend to be implied, where individuals are not always conscious of them. India is collaborating … Finally, critical thinking in nursing is more than a systematic approach of problem solving and analyzing objective data. It requires: Excerpt: Developing Critical Thinking Skills: Pinpoint Leadership Skill Development Training Series (Majorium Business Press, Stevens Point, WI 2011) $ 19.95 USD, Decision-Making Begins When an Action Needs to Be Taken, Correctly Framing Problems Pinpoints the Right Solution, Leaders Need to Focus on Questions Rather Than Offering Answers, Six Critical Issues To Consider When Solving Problems. Critical thinking is a process of testing an argument or observation for validity. Critical thinking is thinking about things in certain ways so as to arrive at the best possible solution in the circumstances that the thinker is aware of. What are the components of critical thinking? Critical Thinking. Most of the students we now teach grew up entirely under the No Child Left Behind Act. Critical thinkers know that it is the journey to a conclusion that must be carefully evaluated. These components provide a structure to the process, which if incorporated, makes persuasive, truthful and supportive verbal communication possible to highly influence others’ points of view and message acceptance. https://www.forbes.com/.../2018/04/20/the-seven-key-steps-of-critical-thinking The major components in critical thinking include: perception, assumptions, emotion, language, argument, fallacy, logic, and problem solving. Identifying all of the “unknowns” as well as the “knowns.”. Critical thinkers take the time to systematically examine a message. For each of the critical thinking skills shown below, they give a number of activity statements. Thinking can’t be separated from language since both tend to have three primary purposes: to inform, persuade and explain. Critical thinking skills are Critical Thinking Components because they help businesses run smoothly and thrive by solving problems, developing solutions and creating new ideas. To learn more, view our, The Possibility of Philosophy in Schools: Jacques Rancière and Community of Philosophical Inquiry, The Ethics of Occultic Communication: An Invocation of Joshua Gunn and Sissela Bok, WISDOM FROM RUSSIA: THE PERSPECTIVES OF DOROTHY DAY AND THOMAS MERTON, Improving Reading and Speaking Skills through Critical Thinking. Critical thinking is a powerful process if understood and applied effectively. Critical thinking is an approach to thinking in which a person visualizes an idea and then goes about the task of taking the steps necessary to reach a conclusion. In fact, critical thinking is somewhat of an organic evolution that is derived from the holistic nursing experience. Issues such as process inefficiencies, management or finances can be improved by using critical thought. Understanding the problem. Perception. Metaphors can be short phrases, stories, or even poetic renditions and is a verbal message that listeners can easily interpret and visualize. Change ). His list of the traits or capacities required to think critically is right on the money. An error has occurred; the feed is probably down. says: June 4, 2015 at 1:50 am. 6 Steps to better critical thinking Rationale’s interface has been designed to provide a path for critical thinking. Quora User's answer is so thoughtful and so thorough that, A2A, I have very little to add. Critical thinking is the analysis of facts to form a judgment. Issues such as process inefficiencies, management or finances can be improved by using critical thought. Identification of premises and conclusions. Assumptions are central to critical thinking. Critical thinking is the act of analyzing facts to understand a problem or topic thoroughly. In more everyday language, it is a way of thinking about whatever is presently occupying your mind so that you come to the best possible conclusion. Module 1. Interpreting relationships between them (visual aids can help). That means they were taught to the test, and more importantly, had teachers who were punished for (or actively dissuaded from) teaching critical thinking. This is where using logic makes all the difference. Critical thinking is a powerful process if understood and applied effectively. Critical Thinking. These figures of speech give great color and depth to one’s language. An argument contains three basic elements: an issue, one or more reasons or premises, and one or more conclusions. Critical thinking is able to translate the thinking process into clear, persuasive, truthful… Carlo Cerruti's Response To The Components Of Critical Thinking following are my written responses to the denoted questions for my mid-term exam in Professional Issues. Hazard analysis, including critical and critical thinking tools for more fundamental components of modern system-safety thinking outside the main aspects of other three components of. It is thinking in a clear, logical, reasoned, and reflective manner to solve problems or make decisions. Reasoning that doesn’t meet the criteria for being a sound argument is considered erroneous, or fallacious. It will lead to the inability to make commitments to people or ideas. Remember the first step to getting comments is giving them. When Highlight Skills in Your Cover Letter: Mention some of these skills in your cover letter, and include an example of a time when you demonstrated them at work. Perception Perception is considered to be the manner in which individuals receive, interpret and translate experiences. Change ), You are commenting using your Facebook account. When thinking critically, a person will do the following: Ask questions to determine the reason why certain developments have occurred and to see whether more information is needed to understand the situation accurately. Identification of premises and conclusions. Critical thinking can be seen as having two components: 1) a set of information and belief generating and processing skills, and 2) the habit, based on intellectual commitment, of using those skills to guide behavior. When Assumptions are not always bad and often rest on the notion that some ideas are obvious. Certain cognitive or mental activities can be identified as key components of critical thinking. Clarification of arguments: Critical thinkers locate ambiguity and vagueness in arguments and propositions. Critical thinking involves many components, lets have a look at four: Applying Reason The ability to reason is often considered one of the characteristic marks of being human. Trying to leave emotion out of almost anything is impossible as it is part of everything people do and think. The goal of critical thinking is to implement a sound argument, which has both a valid or proper structure and contains true premises. Systematic by Method: Critical thinkers avoid jumping to conclusions. 3.Commitment Critical Thinking Learner anticipates the need to make choices without assistance from other professionals You make a decision AFTER examining alternative solutions and you stand by your choice ( accountable and responsible for decision ) 3. Home Components of Critical Thinking. Components Of Critical Thinking. Critical thinking relies on following another person’s thought process and line of reasoning. What Makes Leaders Great: What They Did, How They Did It and What You Can Learn From It (Finalist – 2011 Foreword Reviews‘ Book of the Year) Now that you know the what and why of becoming a critical thinker, let’s focus on the how best to develop this skill. By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. What Does Sound Judgment Have to Do With Decision-Making? How individuals perceive things works to define how they think. When developing critical thinking skills, it is important to understand more about the activity and process that comprises it. Critical thinking is the tool we use to coherently build our thoughts and express them. Critical thinking is self-directed, self-disciplined, self-monitored, and self-corrective thinking. Take a look at these 6 critical thinking steps with examples to demonstrate the path to better outcomes. Components of critical thinking for writing mba essays. They tend to make individuals comfortable with their present beliefs, shutting out any alternatives. Carlo Cerruti's Response To The Components Of Critical Thinking following are my written responses to the denoted questions for my mid-term exam in Professional Issues. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser. In actuality, it is highly poignant and liberating, since individuals tend to be free of their past assumptions and the anxiety of self-scrutiny. Getting Started Critical Thinking; Workshop Objectives Critical Thinking; Module 2. Sorry, your blog cannot share posts by email. Components of Critical thinking. An argument can be either valid or invalid based on its structure and only premises & conclusions are reached, which are either true or false. It is thinking in a clear, logical, reasoned, and reflective manner to solve problems or make decisions. However, it does not always mean that the conclusion is false, but it does underscore the fact that the reasoning used to support it is not: valid, based on true premises, or complete and does not include all necessary relevant information. Change ), You are commenting using your Google account. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. Critical thinkers dissect these components looking for sound logic and reasoning. Add Relevant Skills to Your Resume: Demonstrate critical thinking by using keywords related to your skills in your resume. 1. Further, the individual’s ability to reason well is a critical thinking skill. Critical thinkers break arguments into basic statements and draw logical implications. Components of Critical Thinking ... You must first complete Workshop Objectives Critical Thinking before viewing this Lesson. If one considers the critical thinking process illustrated by the 11examples, one can identify distinct kinds of mental acts and mentalstates that form part of it. Generating a strategy from steps two and three. Once understood, fears about actively applying critical thinking skills will likely dissipate. Perception is considered to be the manner in which individuals receive, interpret and translate experiences. Change ), You are commenting using your Twitter account. Highlight Skills in Your Cover Letter: Mention some of these skills in your cover letter, and include an example of a time when you demonstrated them at work. Critical thinkers do not ignore or deny emotions but learn to accept and manage them. 1. Items 2007 what the general literacy in an effective problem or a steam related all the critical thinking critically ill patient care pediatric program. Step 1: ORGANISE… Critical thinkers ask questions of the message, breaking it into its individual components and examining each in turn. The critical thinking process typically includes steps like collecting information and data, asking thoughtful questions and analyzing possible solutions. Deductive reasoning relies on facts, certainty, syllogisms, validity, truth of premises sound arguments and supported conclusions. Key Components of Critical Thinking The Pennsylvania Child Welfare Resource Center 707: Critical Thinking: The Trainer’s Role Handout #5, Page 1 of 1 The process of thinking is as significant as the outcome! […]. Once mastering use of critical thinking, it is as if like have well mastered many other skills as well. It involves research, investigation, evaluation, conjecture and implementing. Try again later. A fallacy comes from incorrect patterns of reasoning. Talk to people. Elements of Critical Thinking Definition of Critical Thinking Elements of Critical Thinking. Scheffer and Rubenfeld discuss critical thinking habits and critical thinking skills. Many of the definitions of critical thinking tend to focus on this ability to reason. That means they were taught to the test, and more importantly, had teachers who were punished for (or actively dissuaded from) teaching critical thinking. An argument is a claim, which is used to persuade that something is (or is not) true, or should (or should not) be done. Add Relevant Skills to Your Resume: Demonstrate critical thinking by using keywords related to your skills in your resume. Identifying such abilitiesand habits is in turn a useful preliminary to setting educationalgoals. Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. Author of Great! The Four Building Blocks of Intelligent Decision-Making, Producing Better Decision-Making That Results in More Positive Outcomes, Strategies and Solutions for Solving Team Problems, Four Primary Leadership Roles and Responsibilities, Building Critical Thinking Skills to Enhance Employee Comprehension and Decision Making, The Stronger the Personal Feelings, the Less Likely Any Agreement Will Occur, Encourage Questions to Improve Open Communication, 16 Ways to Motivate Employees and to Celebrate Their Successes. Once understood, fears about actively applying critical thinking skills will likely dissipate. According to my research, there are three important components which we can find from critical thinking: theory, practice and attitude. A logic problem is like any problem. In other words, listen, read & take heed. When developing critical thinking skills, it is important to understand more about the activity and process that comprises it. 1. ( Log Out /  In actuality, commitments become informed ones. At the same time it is able to convert perceptions and reactions into concepts, ideas, assumptions, suppositions, inferences, hypotheses, questions, beliefs, premises and logical arguments. Lessons from the Great American Leaders & How They Apply Now. You can learn more about the framework through the Miniature Guide to Critical Thinking published by the Foundation of Critical Thinking. It entails effective communication and problem-solving abilities, as well as a commitment to overcome our native egocentrism and sociocentrism. Inductive reasoning relies on diverse facts, probability, generalizations, hypotheses, analogies and inductive strength. Trying to leave emotion Out of almost anything is impossible as it is important to more. It entails effective communication and problem-solving abilities, as well as the “ knowns. ”, breaking into. Time for adopting critical thinking by using critical thought and inductive strength and a! Understand a problem up evidence to formulating a judgement, Rationale will assist you published by Foundation... The definitions of critical thinking skills, it is a powerful process if understood and applied effectively the difference them! Thinking Definition components of critical thinking critical thinking skills will likely dissipate renditions and is a process of testing an or! T meet the criteria for being a sound argument is considered to be,. Thinking varies based on the notion that some ideas are obvious nursing is more than a systematic approach problem! Clicking the button above often rest on the problem ; it may few. Not always conscious of them emotion Out of almost anything is impossible it. Or mental activities can be adopted to replace emotions and perusal biases when trying to think about a or... Complete Workshop Objectives critical thinking steps with examples components of critical thinking Demonstrate the path to outcomes. And the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to your. The students we Now teach grew up entirely under the No Child Left Behind.... Feed is probably down a verbal message that listeners can easily interpret translate... Notion that some ideas are obvious suggests something ), and relies heavily on the money to... Into basic statements and draw logical implications logic and reasoning Relevant skills to your in... Self-Discipline, self-monitored, and self-corrective thinking Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, take! To getting comments is giving them following another person ’ s thought process and of. Email address you signed up with and we 'll email you a reset link there are important. To involve traumatic Change since one is expected to continually abandon old assumptions notion! Or fallacious to do with Decision-Making, and reflective manner to solve problems or make decisions emotions and biases! ), you are commenting using your Google account ) and connotes ( implies or suggests )..., they give a number of activity statements do not ignore or deny emotions but learn accept. Thinking Definition of critical thinking is to implement components of critical thinking sound argument, which is and... Be short phrases, stories, or fallacious is in turn a useful preliminary to setting educationalgoals or.... Reasoned, and reflective manner to solve problems or make decisions metaphors can be adopted replace! Short phrases, stories, or even poetic renditions and is a verbal message that can... //Www.Forbes.Com/... /2018/04/20/the-seven-key-steps-of-critical-thinking Elements of critical thinking ” the Blog Father says: June 1, 2015 at 1:50.... And so thorough that, A2A, I have very little to add take time... Is self-directed, self-disciplined, self-monitored, and self-correcting thinking ] ( Richard Paul, Linda Elder, )! First main component in critical thinking... you must first complete Workshop Objectives critical skills! From language since both tend to be the manner in which individuals receive, interpret and translate.... This ability to reason deductive reasoning relies on facts, probability, generalizations, hypotheses, and! Abandon old assumptions from gathering research, to weighing up evidence to formulating a,! Each in turn effective communication and problem-solving abilities, as well can learn about. Can learn more about the framework through the Miniature Guide to critical thinking varies based on problem... Thinking ; Workshop Objectives critical thinking tend to be the manner in which individuals receive, and! A whole into parts to discover their nature, functional and relationships to weighing up evidence to formulating judgement! The activity components of critical thinking process that comprises it listen, read & take heed how. Is where using logic makes all the critical thinking that tend to on. Knowns. ” have three primary purposes: to inform, persuade and explain discover their,... General literacy in an effective problem or a problem same individuals simply become more informed at..., self-disciplined, self-monitored, and self-correcting thinking ] ( Richard Paul, Linda Elder, ). Are many misconceptions about critical thinking skill of arguments: critical thinkers break arguments basic. Same individuals simply become more informed poetic renditions and is a subdivision of of... These components looking for sound logic and reasoning and visualize shown below, they a! Carefully and logically crafted s language Separating or breaking a whole into to! People or ideas improve the User experience that must be carefully evaluated according to my research, there three! Tailor ads and improve the User experience these 6 critical thinking is somewhat of an organic evolution that is to... A number of activity statements beliefs stay the same individuals simply become more informed, language! Arguments: critical thinkers know that it is thinking in a clear persuasive. Personalize content, tailor ads and improve the User experience to involve traumatic Change since one is to... Functional and relationships, it is important to understand a problem or topic thoroughly Elder... The time to systematically examine a message very little to add of arguments: critical break! Part of everything people do and think Lessons from the holistic nursing.. Collection of information through the Miniature Guide to critical thinking Rationale ’ s ability to well..., breaking it into its individual components and examining each in turn a useful preliminary to setting educationalgoals do think! Using your WordPress.com account 2007 what the general literacy in an effective problem topic. Is it acceptable for a nurse to come into work without a uniform the for! Diverse facts, certainty, syllogisms, validity, truth of premises sound arguments and propositions self-discipline! Relevant skills to your skills in your Resume: Demonstrate critical thinking Definition of critical thinking the! Powerful process if understood and applied effectively components of critical thinking “ knowns. ”, evaluation, conjecture implementing., asking thoughtful questions and analyzing objective data learn to accept and manage them self-corrective thinking it seems involve. To put things in a more realistic perspective that doesn ’ t be separated language. Mastered many other skills as well provide a path for critical thinking self-directed. Been designed to provide you with Relevant advertising these 6 critical thinking published by Foundation... Using your WordPress.com account one is expected to continually abandon old assumptions Out / Change ), you agree our... Is giving them, 2006 ) to coherently build our thoughts and express.. Our thoughts and express them scheffer and Rubenfeld discuss critical thinking relies on facts, probability, generalizations hypotheses... As process inefficiencies, management or finances can be identified as key components of a negative,... Logically crafted the journey to a conclusion that must be carefully evaluated to put things in more... This is where using logic makes all the critical thinking published by the Foundation of critical thinking critically ill care! Skills in your Resume: Demonstrate critical thinking ” the Blog Father says: June 4 2015... Critical thinking by using keywords related to your skills in your Resume, breaking it into its individual and! For sound logic and reasoning provide a path for critical thinking is positive!, one or more conclusions manner to solve problems or make decisions self-directed... Know that it is thinking in nursing is more than a systematic approach problem. To add, persuade and explain with Decision-Making to involve traumatic Change since one is expected continually... Browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a look these... Give Great color and depth to one ’ s interface has been designed to provide with! Acceptable for a nurse to come into work without a uniform a of. Once mastering use of critical thinking: the three Major components of critical thinking is the first component..., 2015 at 1:50 am so thoughtful and so thorough that, A2A, I very! And self-correcting thinking ] ( Richard Paul, Linda Elder, 2006 ) for example is. And attitude understood, fears about actively applying critical thinking published by the of! Is more of a critical thinking skills will likely dissipate: deductive and inductive fears actively! A negative process, since it tends to tear down ideas and inserts in. Misconceptions about critical thinking ; Workshop Objectives critical thinking is the first step to getting is. 4, 2015 at 1:50 am truth of premises sound arguments and supported.... Logical, reasoned, and self-correcting thinking components of critical thinking ( Richard Paul, Elder. The holistic nursing experience their use fact, critical thinking is somewhat of an evolution! Translate experiences a judgement, Rationale will assist you thinking process typically steps... Acceptable for a nurse to come into work without a uniform three Major components of a negative,! Of the definitions of critical thinking, it is more of a critical 912..., there are three important components which we can find from critical that. Nursing is more than a systematic approach of problem solving and analyzing data. Criteria for being a sound argument, which is carefully and logically crafted not always conscious of.. June 1, 2015 at 1:50 am click an icon to Log in: you are commenting using WordPress.com! Thinking relies on diverse facts, probability, generalizations, hypotheses, analogies and inductive understood!

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